VVD

Photoreceptor VVD
Binding partner /
Cofactor FMN or FAD
Source organism Neurospora crassa
Mode of action homodimerization
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time hours
Crystal structure of the VVD homodimer. (PDB ID: 3RH8)

VVD-derived switches:

Related original publications

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  1. Phage-assisted evolution of allosteric protein switches. Nat Commun, 2026
  2. Single-cell characterization of bacterial optogenetic Cre recombinases. iScience, 2026
  3. A dCas9-integrated iLight9O system enables dynamic regulation for enhanced patchoulol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour Technol, 2026
  4. Synchronization of the segmentation clock using synthetic cell-cell signaling. Genes Dev, 2026
  5. Bioengineering mini-colons for ex vivo colorectal cancer research. Nat Protoc, 2025
  6. A tool for modeling gene regulatory networks (GRN_modeler) and its applications to synthetic biology. Mol Syst Biol, 2025
  7. AlphaFold3-guided optimization of a photoactivatable endonuclease for top-down genome engineering. J Biol Chem, 2025
  8. Photoswitchable intein for light control of covalent protein binding and cleavage. Nat Commun, 2025
  9. Investigating morphogen and patterning dynamics with optogenetic control of morphogen production. Dev Cell, 2025
  10. zHORSE as an optogenetic zebrafish strain for precise spatiotemporal control over gene expression during development. Dev Cell, 2025
  11. Potent optogenetic regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells for bioproduction and basic research. Nucleic Acids Res, 2025
  12. Single-cell characterization of bacterial optogenetic Cre recombinases. bioRxiv, 2025
  13. Optogenetic Modification of Glycerol Production in Wine Yeast. ACS Synth Biol, 2025
  14. Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024
  15. Red Light Responsive Cre Recombinase for Bacterial Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  16. Optimizing HMG-CoA Synthase Expression for Enhanced Limonene Production in Escherichia coli through Temporal Transcription Modulation Using Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  17. Dimerization activates the Inversin complex in C. elegans. Mol Biol Cell, 2024
  18. Reshaping tumor microenvironment by regulating local cytokines expression with a portable smart blue-light controlled device. Commun Biol, 2024
  19. Spatiotemporally controlled Pseudomonas exotoxin transgene system combined with multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer antimetastatic therapy. J Control Release, 2024
  20. Photoactivation of LOV domains with chemiluminescence. Chem Sci, 2023
  21. Spatiotemporal control of RNA metabolism and CRISPR-Cas functions using engineered photoswitchable RNA-binding proteins. Nat Protoc, 2023
  22. Full-field exposure of larval zebrafish to narrow waveband LED light sources at defined power and energy for optogenetic applications. J Neurosci Methods, 2023
  23. Diya – a universal light illumination platform for multiwell plate cultures. iScience, 2023
  24. A biological camera that captures and stores images directly into DNA. Nat Commun, 2023
  25. OPTO-BLUE: An Integrated Bidirectional Optogenetic Lentiviral Platform for Controlled Light-Induced Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci, 2023
  26. Controlling protein stability with SULI, a highly sensitive tag for stabilization upon light induction. Nat Commun, 2023
  27. A Single-Component Optogenetic Gal4-UAS System Allows Stringent Control of Gene Expression in Zebrafish and Drosophila. ACS Synth Biol, 2023
  28. An optogenetic toolkit for light-inducible antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun, 2023
  29. Spatiotemporally controllable diphtherin transgene system and neoantigen immunotherapy. J Control Release, 2023
  30. Coupling Cell Communication and Optogenetics: Implementation of a Light-Inducible Intercellular System in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  31. Enhancement of Vivid-based Photo-Activatable Gal4 Transcription Factor in Mammalian Cells. Cell Struct Funct, 2022
  32. Expanding the molecular versatility of an optogenetic switch in yeast. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022
  33. Opto-katanin, an optogenetic tool for localized, microtubule disassembly. Curr Biol, 2022
  34. Implementation of a Novel Optogenetic Tool in Mammalian Cells Based on a Split T7 RNA Polymerase. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  35. Light-switchable diphtherin transgene system combined with losartan for triple negtative breast cancer therapy based on nano drug delivery system. Int J Pharm, 2022
  36. Bifunctional optogenetic switch for improving shikimic acid production in E. coli. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2022
  37. Optogenetic control of RNA function and metabolism using engineered light-switchable RNA-binding proteins. Nat Biotechnol, 2022
  38. Modular and Molecular Optimization of a LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage)-Based Optogenetic Switch in Yeast. Int J Mol Sci, 2021
  39. Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells. J Vis Exp, 2021
  40. A Light-Oxygen-Voltage Receptor Integrates Light and Temperature. J Mol Biol, 2021
  41. Engineering AraC to make it responsive to light instead of arabinose. Nat Chem Biol, 2021
  42. Light-induced local gene expression in primary chick cell culture system. Dev Growth Differ, 2021
  43. A synthetic BRET-based optogenetic device for pulsatile transgene expression enabling glucose homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun, 2021
  44. Photobiologically Directed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles. Adv Biol, 2020
  45. Efficient photoactivatable Dre recombinase for cell type-specific spatiotemporal control of genome engineering in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020
  46. Light-Regulated allosteric switch enables temporal and subcellular control of enzyme activity. Elife, 2020
  47. Photoactivatable oncolytic adenovirus for optogenetic cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis, 2020
  48. Orthogonal Blue and Red Light Controlled Cell-Cell Adhesions Enable Sorting-out in Multicellular Structures. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  49. Targeted cell ablation in zebrafish using optogenetic transcriptional control. Development, 2020
  50. A Light-Inducible Strain for Genome-Wide Histone Turnover Profiling in Neurospora crassa. Genetics, 2020
  51. A combination of LightOn gene expression system and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticle delivery system for targeted breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2020
  52. An optimized toolbox for the optogenetic control of intracellular transport. J Cell Biol, 2020
  53. RecV recombinase system for in vivo targeted optogenomic modifications of single cells or cell populations. Nat Methods, 2020
  54. Light-Inducible Recombinases for Bacterial Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  55. Coupling delay controls synchronized oscillation in the segmentation clock. Nature, 2020
  56. Noise-reducing optogenetic negative-feedback gene circuits in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res, 2019
  57. Engineering Strategy and Vector Library for the Rapid Generation of Modular Light-Controlled Protein-Protein Interactions. J Mol Biol, 2019
  58. Independent Blue and Red Light Triggered Narcissistic Self-Sorting Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles. Small, 2019
  59. Direct observation and analysis of the dynamics of the photoresponsive transcription factor GAL4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2019
  60. A Single-Component Optogenetic System Allows Stringent Switch of Gene Expression in Yeast Cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  61. Fungal Light-Oxygen-Voltage Domains for Optogenetic Control of Gene Expression and Flocculation in Yeast. MBio, 2018
  62. Near-infrared light-controlled systems for gene transcription regulation, protein targeting and spectral multiplexing. Nat Protoc, 2018
  63. An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions. J Vis Exp, 2018
  64. Optogenetic perturbation and bioluminescence imaging to analyze cell-to-cell transfer of oscillatory information. Genes Dev, 2017
  65. Near-infrared optogenetic pair for protein regulation and spectral multiplexing. Nat Chem Biol, 2017
  66. Engineered Photoactivatable Genetic Switches Based on the Bacterium Phage T7 RNA Polymerase. ACS Synth Biol, 2016
  67. A light-switchable bidirectional expression system in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. J Biotechnol, 2016
  68. Light-induced Notch activity controls neurogenic and gliogenic potential of neural progenitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2016
  69. An extraordinary stringent and sensitive light-switchable gene expression system for bacterial cells. Cell Res, 2016
  70. A bacterial phytochrome-based optogenetic system controllable with near-infrared light. Nat Methods, 2016
  71. Rewiring Multidomain Protein Switches: Transforming a Fluorescent Zn(2+) Sensor into a Light-Responsive Zn(2+) Binding Protein. ACS Synth Biol, 2016
  72. Synthetic dual-input mammalian genetic circuits enable tunable and stringent transcription control by chemical and light. Nucleic Acids Res, 2015
  73. A light-switchable bidirectional expression module allowing simultaneous regulation of multiple genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2015
  74. Engineered pairs of distinct photoswitches for optogenetic control of cellular proteins. Nat Commun, 2015
  75. Orthogonal optogenetic triple-gene control in Mammalian cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2014
  76. Spatio-temporally precise activation of engineered receptor tyrosine kinases by light. EMBO J, 2014
  77. Light-mediated control of gene expression in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. J Microbiol Methods, 2014
  78. Genetically engineered photoinducible homodimerization system with improved dimer-forming efficiency. ACS Chem Biol, 2014
  79. Fine tuning the LightOn light-switchable transgene expression system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013
  80. Multi-chromatic control of mammalian gene expression and signaling. Nucleic Acids Res, 2013
  81. Spatiotemporal control of gene expression by a light-switchable transgene system. Nat Methods, 2012
  82. Engineered Cas9 extracellular vesicles as a novel gene editing tool. J Extracell Vesicles, 2022