VVD

Photoreceptor VVD
Binding partner /
Cofactor FMN or FAD
Source organism Neurospora crassa
Mode of action homodimerization
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time hours
Crystal structure of the VVD homodimer. (PDB ID: 3RH8)

VVD-derived switches:

Related original publications

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  2. Bioengineering mini-colons for ex vivo colorectal cancer research. Nat Protoc, 2025
  3. A tool for modeling gene regulatory networks (GRN_modeler) and its applications to synthetic biology. Mol Syst Biol, 2025
  4. AlphaFold3-guided optimization of a photoactivatable endonuclease for top-down genome engineering. J Biol Chem, 2025
  5. zHORSE as an optogenetic zebrafish strain for precise spatiotemporal control over gene expression during development. Dev Cell, 2025
  6. Potent optogenetic regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells for bioproduction and basic research. Nucleic Acids Res, 2025
  7. Single-cell characterization of bacterial optogenetic Cre recombinases. bioRxiv, 2025
  8. Optogenetic Modification of Glycerol Production in Wine Yeast. ACS Synth Biol, 2025
  9. Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024
  10. Red Light Responsive Cre Recombinase for Bacterial Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  11. Optimizing HMG-CoA Synthase Expression for Enhanced Limonene Production in Escherichia coli through Temporal Transcription Modulation Using Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  12. Dimerization activates the Inversin complex in C. elegans. Mol Biol Cell, 2024
  13. Reshaping tumor microenvironment by regulating local cytokines expression with a portable smart blue-light controlled device. Commun Biol, 2024
  14. Spatiotemporally controlled Pseudomonas exotoxin transgene system combined with multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer antimetastatic therapy. J Control Release, 2024
  15. Photoactivation of LOV domains with chemiluminescence. Chem Sci, 2023
  16. Spatiotemporal control of RNA metabolism and CRISPR-Cas functions using engineered photoswitchable RNA-binding proteins. Nat Protoc, 2023
  17. Full-field exposure of larval zebrafish to narrow waveband LED light sources at defined power and energy for optogenetic applications. J Neurosci Methods, 2023
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  19. A biological camera that captures and stores images directly into DNA. Nat Commun, 2023
  20. OPTO-BLUE: An Integrated Bidirectional Optogenetic Lentiviral Platform for Controlled Light-Induced Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci, 2023
  21. Controlling protein stability with SULI, a highly sensitive tag for stabilization upon light induction. Nat Commun, 2023
  22. A Single-Component Optogenetic Gal4-UAS System Allows Stringent Control of Gene Expression in Zebrafish and Drosophila. ACS Synth Biol, 2023
  23. An optogenetic toolkit for light-inducible antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun, 2023
  24. Spatiotemporally controllable diphtherin transgene system and neoantigen immunotherapy. J Control Release, 2023
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  29. Implementation of a Novel Optogenetic Tool in Mammalian Cells Based on a Split T7 RNA Polymerase. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  30. Light-switchable diphtherin transgene system combined with losartan for triple negtative breast cancer therapy based on nano drug delivery system. Int J Pharm, 2022
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  43. Orthogonal Blue and Red Light Controlled Cell-Cell Adhesions Enable Sorting-out in Multicellular Structures. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
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  46. A combination of LightOn gene expression system and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticle delivery system for targeted breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2020
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  48. RecV recombinase system for in vivo targeted optogenomic modifications of single cells or cell populations. Nat Methods, 2020
  49. Light-Inducible Recombinases for Bacterial Optogenetics. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  50. Coupling delay controls synchronized oscillation in the segmentation clock. Nature, 2020
  51. Noise-reducing optogenetic negative-feedback gene circuits in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res, 2019
  52. Engineering Strategy and Vector Library for the Rapid Generation of Modular Light-Controlled Protein-Protein Interactions. J Mol Biol, 2019
  53. Independent Blue and Red Light Triggered Narcissistic Self-Sorting Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles. Small, 2019
  54. Direct observation and analysis of the dynamics of the photoresponsive transcription factor GAL4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2019
  55. A Single-Component Optogenetic System Allows Stringent Switch of Gene Expression in Yeast Cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  56. Fungal Light-Oxygen-Voltage Domains for Optogenetic Control of Gene Expression and Flocculation in Yeast. MBio, 2018
  57. Near-infrared light-controlled systems for gene transcription regulation, protein targeting and spectral multiplexing. Nat Protoc, 2018
  58. Optogenetic perturbation and bioluminescence imaging to analyze cell-to-cell transfer of oscillatory information. Genes Dev, 2017
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  61. An extraordinary stringent and sensitive light-switchable gene expression system for bacterial cells. Cell Res, 2016
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  63. Rewiring Multidomain Protein Switches: Transforming a Fluorescent Zn(2+) Sensor into a Light-Responsive Zn(2+) Binding Protein. ACS Synth Biol, 2016
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  65. A light-switchable bidirectional expression module allowing simultaneous regulation of multiple genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2015
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  68. Spatio-temporally precise activation of engineered receptor tyrosine kinases by light. EMBO J, 2014
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