EL222

Photoreceptor EL222
Binding partner /
Cofactor FMN
Source organism Erythrobacter litoralis
Mode of action homodimerization, DNA binding
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time seconds
Crystal structure of EL222, ground state (i.e. monomer). (PDB ID: 3P7N)

Related original publications

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  1. HP1-enhanced chromatin compaction stabilizes a synthetic metabolic circuit in yeast. bioRxiv, 2025
  2. Balancing doses of EL222 and light improves optogenetic induction of protein production in Komagataella phaffii. bioRxiv, 2025
  3. Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024
  4. Genetically-stable engineered optogenetic gene switches modulate spatial cell morphogenesis in two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures. Nat Commun, 2024
  5. Light-Induced Nanobody-Mediated Targeted Protein Degradation for Metabolic Flux Control. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  6. Potent photoswitch for expression of biotherapeutics in mammalian cells by light. bioRxiv, 2024
  7. Rapid and reversible regulation of cell cycle progression in budding yeast using optogenetics. bioRxiv, 2024
  8. Bacteria-based cascade in situ near-infrared nano-optogenetically induced photothermal tumor therapy. Theranostics, 2024
  9. Optogenetic control of phosphate-responsive genes using single component fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. bioRxiv, 2024
  10. Multisite Assembly of Gateway Induced Clones (MAGIC): a flexible cloning toolbox with diverse applications in vertebrate model systems. bioRxiv, 2024
  11. Dynamic Multiplexed Control and Modeling of Optogenetic Systems Using the High-Throughput Optogenetic Platform, Lustro. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  12. Light-directed evolution of dynamic, multi-state, and computational protein functionalities. bioRxiv, 2024
  13. Optogenetic control of pheromone gradients reveals functional limits of mating behavior in budding yeast. bioRxiv, 2024
  14. Light inducible protein degradation in E. coli with the LOVdeg tag. Elife, 2024
  15. Multicolor optogenetics for regulating flux ratio of three glycolytic pathways using EL222 and CcaSR in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2023
  16. Light induced expression of gRNA allows for optogenetic gene editing of T lymphocytes in vivo. bioRxiv, 2023
  17. Diya – a universal light illumination platform for multiwell plate cultures. iScience, 2023
  18. Multidimensional characterization of inducible promoters and a highly light-sensitive LOV-transcription factor. Nat Commun, 2023
  19. A Bioluminescent Activity Dependent (BLADe) Platform for Converting Neuronal Activity to Photoreceptor Activation. bioRxiv, 2023
  20. Optogenetic spatial patterning of cooperation in yeast populations. bioRxiv, 2023
  21. Optogenetic closed-loop feedback control of the unfolded protein response optimizes protein production. Metab Eng, 2023
  22. Light inducible protein degradation in E. coli with LOVtag. bioRxiv, 2023
  23. Optogenetic control of beta-carotene bioproduction in yeast across multiple lab-scales. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023
  24. Maximizing protein production by keeping cells at optimal secretory stress levels using real‐time control approaches. bioRxiv, 2022
  25. Near-Infrared Nano-Optogenetic Activation of Cancer Immunotherapy via Engineered Bacteria. Adv Mater, 2022
  26. A Single-Component Blue Light-Induced System Based on EL222 in Yarrowia lipolytica. Int J Mol Sci, 2022
  27. Hydrogel microcapsules containing engineered bacteria for sustained production and release of protein drugs. Biomaterials, 2022
  28. Synthetic cells with self-activating optogenetic proteins communicate with natural cells. Nat Commun, 2022
  29. Synthetic gene networks recapitulate dynamic signal decoding and differential gene expression. Cell Syst, 2022
  30. Using single-cell models to predict the functionality of synthetic circuits at the population scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022
  31. Systematic In Vivo Characterization of Fluorescent Protein Maturation in Budding Yeast. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  32. Development of Optogenetic Dual-Switch System for Rewiring Metabolic Flux for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production. Molecules, 2022
  33. Design and Characterization of an Optogenetic System in Pichia pastoris. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  34. A light tunable differentiation system for the creation and control of consortia in yeast. Nat Commun, 2021
  35. Rapid prototyping and design of cybergenetic single-cell controllers. Nat Commun, 2021
  36. Light-Induced GFP Expression in Zebrafish Embryos using the Optogenetic TAEL/C120 System. J Vis Exp, 2021
  37. The Neurospora crassa Inducible Q System Enables Simultaneous Optogenetic Amplification and Inversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Bidirectional Control of Gene Expression. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
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  40. Bioluminescent Synthetic Cells Communicate with Natural Cells and Self-Activate Light-Responsive Proteins. bioRxiv, 2021
  41. Optogenetic Amplification Circuits for Light-Induced Metabolic Control. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  42. Blue Light‐Operated CRISPR/Cas13b‐Mediated mRNA Knockdown (Lockdown). Adv Biol, 2021
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  44. Dynamical Modeling of Optogenetic Circuits in Yeast for Metabolic Engineering Applications. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  45. Optogenetics in Sinorhizobium meliloti Enables Spatial Control of Exopolysaccharide Production and Biofilm Structure. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  46. An Optogenetic Platform to Dynamically Control the Stiffness of Collagen Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020
  47. Engineering an Optogenetic CRISPRi Platform for Improved Chemical Production. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  48. An Irf6-Esrp1/2 regulatory axis controls midface morphogenesis in vertebrates. Development, 2020
  49. Design and Characterization of Rapid Optogenetic Circuits for Dynamic Control in Yeast Metabolic Engineering. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  50. Optogenetic Downregulation of Protein Levels to Control Programmed Cell Death in Mammalian Cells with a Dual Blue-Light Switch. Methods Mol Biol, 2020
  51. Optogenetic control of gene expression in plants in the presence of ambient white light. Nat Methods, 2020
  52. Light-powered Escherichia coli cell division for chemical production. Nat Commun, 2020
  53. Blue Light-Directed Cell Migration, Aggregation, and Patterning. J Mol Biol, 2020
  54. Optical induction of autophagy via Transcription factor EB (TFEB) reduces pathological tau in neurons. PLoS ONE, 2020
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  60. An Optogenetic Platform for Real-Time, Single-Cell Interrogation of Stochastic Transcriptional Regulation. Mol Cell, 2018
  61. Cell-free optogenetic gene expression system. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  62. Optogenetic regulation of engineered cellular metabolism for microbial chemical production. Nature, 2018
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  67. Blue light-induced dimerization of a bacterial LOV-HTH DNA-binding protein. Biochemistry, 2013
  68. Blue light-mediated gene expression as a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J, 2024
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