EL222

Photoreceptor EL222
Binding partner /
Cofactor FMN
Source organism Erythrobacter litoralis
Mode of action homodimerization, DNA binding
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time seconds
Crystal structure of EL222, ground state (i.e. monomer). (PDB ID: 3P7N)

Related original publications

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  1. Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024
  2. Genetically-stable engineered optogenetic gene switches modulate spatial cell morphogenesis in two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures. Nat Commun, 2024
  3. Light-Induced Nanobody-Mediated Targeted Protein Degradation for Metabolic Flux Control. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  4. Potent photoswitch for expression of biotherapeutics in mammalian cells by light. bioRxiv, 2024
  5. Rapid and reversible regulation of cell cycle progression in budding yeast using optogenetics. bioRxiv, 2024
  6. Bacteria-based cascade in situ near-infrared nano-optogenetically induced photothermal tumor therapy. Theranostics, 2024
  7. Optogenetic control of phosphate-responsive genes using single component fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. bioRxiv, 2024
  8. Multisite Assembly of Gateway Induced Clones (MAGIC): a flexible cloning toolbox with diverse applications in vertebrate model systems. bioRxiv, 2024
  9. Dynamic Multiplexed Control and Modeling of Optogenetic Systems Using the High-Throughput Optogenetic Platform, Lustro. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  10. Light-directed evolution of dynamic, multi-state, and computational protein functionalities. bioRxiv, 2024
  11. Optogenetic control of pheromone gradients reveals functional limits of mating behavior in budding yeast. bioRxiv, 2024
  12. Light inducible protein degradation in E. coli with the LOVdeg tag. Elife, 2024
  13. Multicolor optogenetics for regulating flux ratio of three glycolytic pathways using EL222 and CcaSR in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2023
  14. Light induced expression of gRNA allows for optogenetic gene editing of T lymphocytes in vivo. bioRxiv, 2023
  15. Diya – a universal light illumination platform for multiwell plate cultures. iScience, 2023
  16. Multidimensional characterization of inducible promoters and a highly light-sensitive LOV-transcription factor. Nat Commun, 2023
  17. A Bioluminescent Activity Dependent (BLADe) Platform for Converting Neuronal Activity to Photoreceptor Activation. bioRxiv, 2023
  18. Optogenetic spatial patterning of cooperation in yeast populations. bioRxiv, 2023
  19. Optogenetic closed-loop feedback control of the unfolded protein response optimizes protein production. Metab Eng, 2023
  20. Light inducible protein degradation in E. coli with LOVtag. bioRxiv, 2023
  21. Optogenetic control of beta-carotene bioproduction in yeast across multiple lab-scales. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023
  22. Maximizing protein production by keeping cells at optimal secretory stress levels using real‐time control approaches. bioRxiv, 2022
  23. Near-Infrared Nano-Optogenetic Activation of Cancer Immunotherapy via Engineered Bacteria. Adv Mater, 2022
  24. A Single-Component Blue Light-Induced System Based on EL222 in Yarrowia lipolytica. Int J Mol Sci, 2022
  25. Hydrogel microcapsules containing engineered bacteria for sustained production and release of protein drugs. Biomaterials, 2022
  26. Synthetic cells with self-activating optogenetic proteins communicate with natural cells. Nat Commun, 2022
  27. Synthetic gene networks recapitulate dynamic signal decoding and differential gene expression. Cell Syst, 2022
  28. Using single-cell models to predict the functionality of synthetic circuits at the population scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022
  29. Systematic In Vivo Characterization of Fluorescent Protein Maturation in Budding Yeast. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  30. Development of Optogenetic Dual-Switch System for Rewiring Metabolic Flux for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production. Molecules, 2022
  31. Design and Characterization of an Optogenetic System in Pichia pastoris. ACS Synth Biol, 2022
  32. A light tunable differentiation system for the creation and control of consortia in yeast. Nat Commun, 2021
  33. Rapid prototyping and design of cybergenetic single-cell controllers. Nat Commun, 2021
  34. Light-Induced GFP Expression in Zebrafish Embryos using the Optogenetic TAEL/C120 System. J Vis Exp, 2021
  35. The Neurospora crassa Inducible Q System Enables Simultaneous Optogenetic Amplification and Inversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Bidirectional Control of Gene Expression. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  36. Cellulosic biofuel production using emulsified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (eSSF) with conventional and thermotolerant yeasts. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2021
  37. Engineered NIR light-responsive bacteria as anti-tumor agent for targeted and precise cancer therapy. Lancet Infect Dis, 2021
  38. Bioluminescent Synthetic Cells Communicate with Natural Cells and Self-Activate Light-Responsive Proteins. bioRxiv, 2021
  39. Optogenetic Amplification Circuits for Light-Induced Metabolic Control. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  40. Blue Light‐Operated CRISPR/Cas13b‐Mediated mRNA Knockdown (Lockdown). Adv Biol, 2021
  41. TAEL 2.0: An Improved Optogenetic Expression System for Zebrafish. Zebrafish, 2021
  42. Dynamical Modeling of Optogenetic Circuits in Yeast for Metabolic Engineering Applications. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  43. Optogenetics in Sinorhizobium meliloti Enables Spatial Control of Exopolysaccharide Production and Biofilm Structure. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  44. An Optogenetic Platform to Dynamically Control the Stiffness of Collagen Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020
  45. Engineering an Optogenetic CRISPRi Platform for Improved Chemical Production. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  46. An Irf6-Esrp1/2 regulatory axis controls midface morphogenesis in vertebrates. Development, 2020
  47. Design and Characterization of Rapid Optogenetic Circuits for Dynamic Control in Yeast Metabolic Engineering. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  48. Optogenetic Downregulation of Protein Levels to Control Programmed Cell Death in Mammalian Cells with a Dual Blue-Light Switch. Methods Mol Biol, 2020
  49. Optogenetic control of gene expression in plants in the presence of ambient white light. Nat Methods, 2020
  50. Light-powered Escherichia coli cell division for chemical production. Nat Commun, 2020
  51. Blue Light-Directed Cell Migration, Aggregation, and Patterning. J Mol Biol, 2020
  52. Optical induction of autophagy via Transcription factor EB (TFEB) reduces pathological tau in neurons. PLoS ONE, 2020
  53. Cell-in-the-loop pattern formation with optogenetically emulated cell-to-cell signaling. Nat Commun, 2020
  54. An Open-Source Plate Reader. Biochemistry, 2018
  55. Programming the Dynamic Control of Bacterial Gene Expression with a Chimeric Ligand- and Light-Based Promoter System. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  56. Dual-controlled optogenetic system for the rapid down-regulation of protein levels in mammalian cells. Sci Rep, 2018
  57. Pulsatile inputs achieve tunable attenuation of gene expression variability and graded multi-gene regulation. Nat Commun, 2018
  58. An Optogenetic Platform for Real-Time, Single-Cell Interrogation of Stochastic Transcriptional Regulation. Mol Cell, 2018
  59. Cell-free optogenetic gene expression system. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  60. Optogenetic regulation of engineered cellular metabolism for microbial chemical production. Nature, 2018
  61. A calcium- and light-gated switch to induce gene expression in activated neurons. Nat Biotechnol, 2017
  62. TAEL: a zebrafish-optimized optogenetic gene expression system with fine spatial and temporal control. Development, 2016
  63. Blue light-mediated transcriptional activation and repression of gene expression in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res, 2016
  64. An optogenetic gene expression system with rapid activation and deactivation kinetics. Nat Chem Biol, 2014
  65. Blue light-induced dimerization of a bacterial LOV-HTH DNA-binding protein. Biochemistry, 2013
  66. Blue light-mediated gene expression as a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J, 2024
  67. Construction and Characterization of Light-Responsive Transcriptional Systems. Methods Mol Biol, 2024