iLID

Photoreceptor AsLOV2–SsrA
Binding partner SspB
Cofactor FMN
Source organism Avena sativa
Mode of action heterodimerization
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time seconds to minutes (variants available)
Crystal Structure of the iLID heterodimer. (PDB ID: 4WF0)

Related original publications

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  1. CrisprBuildr: an open-source application for CRISPR-mediated genome engineering in Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (Bethesda), 2026
  2. A Modular Platform for the Optogenetic Control of Small GTPase Activity in Living Cells Reveals Long-Range RhoA Signaling. bioRxiv, 2025
  3. Optogenetic control of PLC-γ1 activity polarizes cell motility. bioRxiv, 2025
  4. Optogenetic actin network assembly on lipid bilayer uncovers the network density-dependent functions of actin-binding proteins. Nat Commun, 2025
  5. Endogenous OptoRhoGEFs reveal biophysical principles of epithelial tissue furrowing. Nat Commun, 2025
  6. Ras-mediated dynamic and biphasic regulation of cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2025
  7. Optogenetic and chemical genetic tools for rapid repositioning of vimentin intermediate filaments. J Cell Biol, 2025
  8. Dynamin-like Proteins Combine Mechano-constriction and Membrane Remodeling to Enable Two-Step Mitochondrial Fission via a "Snap-through" Instability. J Am Chem Soc, 2025
  9. RhoA activation promotes ordered membrane domain coalescence and suppresses neuronal excitability. bioRxiv, 2025
  10. Inward transport of organelles drives outward migration of the spindle during C. elegans meiosis. Cell Rep, 2025
  11. Dynamic and Biphasic Regulation of Cell Migration by Ras. bioRxiv, 2025
  12. Optogenetic control of Corynebacterium glutamicum gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2024
  13. Light-Based Juxtacrine Signaling Between Synthetic Cells. Small Sci, 2024
  14. Light-induced targeting enables proteomics on endogenous condensates. Cell, 2024
  15. Light-guided actin polymerization drives directed motility in protocells. bioRxiv, 2024
  16. Long range mutual activation establishes Rho and Rac polarity during cell migration. bioRxiv, 2024
  17. PIP5K-Ras bistability initiates plasma membrane symmetry breaking to regulate cell polarity and migration. bioRxiv, 2024
  18. Systems mapping of bidirectional endosomal transport through the crowded cell. Curr Biol, 2024
  19. ERK synchronizes embryonic cleavages in Drosophila. Dev Cell, 2024
  20. Rapid and reversible dissolution of biomolecular condensates using light-controlled recruitment of a solubility tag. Nat Commun, 2024
  21. Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites are segregated for secretion based on cargo size. Dev Cell, 2024
  22. Phospholipase C beta 1 in the dentate gyrus gates fear memory formation through regulation of neuronal excitability. Sci Adv, 2024
  23. Light-Inducible Activation of TrkA for Probing Chronic Pain in Mice. ACS Chem Biol, 2024
  24. Interplay of condensation and chromatin binding underlies BRD4 targeting. MBoC, 2024
  25. Focal adhesions are controlled by microtubules through local contractility regulation. EMBO J, 2024
  26. Endogenous OptoRhoGEFs reveal biophysical principles of epithelial tissue furrowing. bioRxiv, 2024
  27. A light-controlled phospholipase C for imaging of lipid dynamics and controlling neural plasticity. Cell Chem Biol, 2024
  28. Spatiotemporal Organization of Functional Cargoes by Light-Switchable Condensation in Escherichia coli Cells. JACS Au, 2024
  29. Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes. J Vis Exp, 2024
  30. Asymmetric oligomerization state and sequence patterning can tune multiphase condensate miscibility. Nat Chem, 2024
  31. Simple visualization of submicroscopic protein clusters with a phase-separation-based fluorescent reporter. Cell Syst, 2024
  32. Ultralow Background Membrane Editors for Spatiotemporal Control of Phosphatidic Acid Metabolism and Signaling ACS Cent Sci, 2024
  33. Rapid and reversible dissolution of biomolecular condensates using light-controlled recruitment of a solubility tag. bioRxiv, 2024
  34. Spatiotemporal Optical Control of Gαq-PLCβ Interactions. ACS Synth Biol, 2023
  35. Photoactivation of LOV domains with chemiluminescence. Chem Sci, 2023
  36. A single-component, light-assisted uncaging switch for endoproteolytic release. Nat Chem Biol, 2023
  37. Local negative feedback of Rac activity at the leading edge underlies a pilot pseudopod-like program for amoeboid cell guidance. PLoS Biol, 2023
  38. CaaX-motif-adjacent residues influence G protein gamma (Gγ) prenylation under suboptimal conditions. J Biol Chem, 2023
  39. ActuAtor, a Listeria-inspired molecular tool for physical manipulation of intracellular organizations through de novo actin polymerization. Cell Rep, 2023
  40. Light-activated microtubule-based two-dimensional active nematic. Soft Matter, 2023
  41. Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo. Development, 2023
  42. C-terminal sequence stability profiling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals protective protein quality control pathways. J Biol Chem, 2023
  43. Optogenetic clustering and membrane translocation of the BcLOV4 photoreceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2023
  44. Senescence-induced cellular reprogramming drives cnidarian whole-body regeneration. Cell Rep, 2023
  45. Opto-RhoGEFs, an optimized optogenetic toolbox to reversibly control Rho GTPase activity on a global to subcellular scale, enabling precise control over vascular endothelial barrier strength. Elife, 2023
  46. Concept and considerations of a medical device: the active noise cancelling incubator. Front Pediatr, 2023
  47. Cell protrusions and contractions generate long-range membrane tension propagation. Cell, 2023
  48. Actuation of single downstream nodes in growth factor network steers immune cell migration. Dev Cell, 2023
  49. Engineered allostery in light-regulated LOV-Turbo enables precise spatiotemporal control of proximity labeling in living cells. Nat Methods, 2023
  50. Self-Regulated and Bidirectional Communication in Synthetic Cell Communities. ACS Nano, 2023
  51. A disordered tether to iLID improves photoswitchable protein patterning on model membranes. Chem Commun (Camb), 2023
  52. Mechanosensitive mTORC2 independently coordinates leading and trailing edge polarity programs during neutrophil migration. Mol Biol Cell, 2023
  53. Motor processivity and speed determine structure and dynamics of microtubule-motor assemblies. Elife, 2023
  54. Orthogonal Light-Dependent Membrane Adhesion Induces Social Self-Sorting and Member-Specific DNA Communication in Synthetic Cell Communities. Small, 2023
  55. Mechanistic insights into cancer drug resistance through optogenetic PI3K signaling hyperactivation. Cell Chem Biol, 2022
  56. Integrin-based adhesion compartmentalizes ALK3 of the BMPRII to control cell adhesion and migration. J Cell Biol, 2022
  57. Opto-katanin, an optogenetic tool for localized, microtubule disassembly. Curr Biol, 2022
  58. Optogenetic control of apical constriction induces synthetic morphogenesis in mammalian tissues. Nat Commun, 2022
  59. Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases. Nat Commun, 2022
  60. A non-canonical Raf function is required for dorsal-ventral patterning during Drosophila embryogenesis. Sci Rep, 2022
  61. Synthetic cells with self-activating optogenetic proteins communicate with natural cells. Nat Commun, 2022
  62. Persistent cell migration emerges from a coupling between protrusion dynamics and polarized trafficking. Elife, 2022
  63. Optical Sensors and Actuators for Probing Proximity-Dependent Biotinylation in Living Cells. Front Cell Neurosci, 2022
  64. Compartmentalization of telomeres through DNA-scaffolded phase separation. Dev Cell, 2022
  65. Substratum stiffness regulates Erk signaling dynamics through receptor-level control. Cell Rep, 2021
  66. Temperature-responsive optogenetic probes of cell signaling. Nat Chem Biol, 2021
  67. Optogenetic relaxation of actomyosin contractility uncovers mechanistic roles of cortical tension during cytokinesis. Nat Commun, 2021
  68. An Optogenetic Toolbox for Synergistic Regulation of Protein Abundance. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  69. A synthetic gene circuit for imaging-free detection of signaling pulses. Cell Syst, 2021
  70. Nano-optogenetic engineering of CAR T cells for precision immunotherapy with enhanced safety. Nat Nanotechnol, 2021
  71. An active tethering mechanism controls the fate of vesicles. Nat Commun, 2021
  72. Circularly permuted AsLOV2 as an optogenetic module for engineering photoswitchable peptides. Chem Commun (Camb), 2021
  73. Mechanical Frustration of Phase Separation in the Cell Nucleus by Chromatin. Phys Rev Lett, 2021
  74. Positive feedback between the T cell kinase Zap70 and its substrate LAT acts as a clustering-dependent signaling switch. Cell Rep, 2021
  75. Cell to Cell Signaling through Light in Artificial Cell Communities: Glowing Predator Lures Prey. ACS Nano, 2021
  76. mem-iLID, a fast and economic protein purification method. Biosci Rep, 2021
  77. Optogenetic model reveals cell shape regulation through FAK and Fascin. J Cell Sci, 2021
  78. Temporal integration of inductive cues on the way to gastrulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021
  79. Light-inducible deformation of mitochondria in live cells. Cell Chem Biol, 2021
  80. Engineering a Blue Light Inducible SpyTag System (BLISS). J Am Chem Soc, 2021
  81. Circularly permuted LOV2 as a modular photoswitch for optogenetic engineering. Nat Chem Biol, 2021
  82. Endothelial cell invasion is controlled by dactylopodia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021
  83. Optimized iLID Membrane Anchors for Local Optogenetic Protein Recruitment. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  84. T cells selectively filter oscillatory signals on the minutes timescale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021
  85. Optogenetic control of PRC1 reveals its role in chromosome alignment on the spindle by overlap length-dependent forces. Elife, 2021
  86. Optogenetic control of small GTPases reveals RhoA mediates intracellular calcium signaling. J Biol Chem, 2021
  87. Rho1 activation recapitulates early gastrulation events in the ventral, but not dorsal, epithelium of Drosophila embryos. Elife, 2020
  88. Development of light-responsive protein binding in the monobody non-immunoglobulin scaffold. Nat Commun, 2020
  89. Optogenetic control of protein binding using light-switchable nanobodies. Nat Commun, 2020
  90. Engineering combinatorial and dynamic decoders using synthetic immediate-early genes. Commun Biol, 2020
  91. Multistimuli Sensing Adhesion Unit for the Self-Positioning of Minimal Synthetic Cells. Small, 2020
  92. Dynamic centriolar localization of Polo and Centrobin in early mitosis primes centrosome asymmetry. PLoS Biol, 2020
  93. Heterogeneous somatostatin-expressing neuron population in mouse ventral tegmental area. Elife, 2020
  94. Photo-SNAP-tag, a Light-Regulated Chemical Labeling System. ACS Chem Biol, 2020
  95. LITESEC-T3SS - Light-controlled protein delivery into eukaryotic cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. Nat Commun, 2020
  96. Photoactivatable Cre recombinase 3.0 for in vivo mouse applications. Nat Commun, 2020
  97. Construction of Light-Activated Neurotrophin Receptors Using the Improved Light-Induced Dimerizer (iLID). J Mol Biol, 2020
  98. An optimized toolbox for the optogenetic control of intracellular transport. J Cell Biol, 2020
  99. Light-inducible generation of membrane curvature in live cells with engineered BAR domain proteins. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  100. A Live-Cell Screen for Altered Erk Dynamics Reveals Principles of Proliferative Control. Cell Syst, 2020
  101. SRRF-stream imaging of optogenetically controlled furrow formation shows localized and coordinated endocytosis and exocytosis mediating membrane remodeling. ACS Synth Biol, 2020
  102. Rapid Dynamics of Signal-Dependent Transcriptional Repression by Capicua. Dev Cell, 2020
  103. Optogenetic engineering to probe the molecular choreography of STIM1-mediated cell signaling. Nat Commun, 2020
  104. Tunable light and drug induced depletion of target proteins. Nat Commun, 2020
  105. Dynamic organelle distribution initiates actin-based spindle migration in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun, 2020
  106. Ras acts as a molecular switch between two forms of consolidated memory in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2020
  107. Engineered BRET-Based Biologic Light Sources Enable Spatiotemporal Control over Diverse Optogenetic Systems. ACS Synth Biol, 2019
  108. Optimizing photoswitchable MEK. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2019
  109. The importance of cell-cell interaction dynamics in bottom-up tissue engineering: Concepts of colloidal self-assembly in the fabrication of multicellular architectures. Nano Lett, 2019
  110. Optogenetic activation of intracellular antibodies for direct modulation of endogenous proteins. Nat Methods, 2019
  111. Light controlled cell-to-cell adhesion and chemical communication in minimal synthetic cells. Chem Commun (Camb), 2019
  112. High-throughput multicolor optogenetics in microwell plates. Nat Protoc, 2019
  113. Optogenetic downregulation of protein levels with an ultrasensitive switch. ACS Synth Biol, 2019
  114. Reversible induction of mitophagy by an optogenetic bimodular system. Nat Commun, 2019
  115. Physical Plasma Membrane Perturbation Using Subcellular Optogenetics Drives Integrin-Activated Cell Migration. ACS Synth Biol, 2019
  116. Signaling Dynamics Control Cell Fate in the Early Drosophila Embryo. Dev Cell, 2019
  117. A Photoactivatable Botulinum Neurotoxin for Inducible Control of Neurotransmission. Neuron, 2019
  118. Mapping Local and Global Liquid Phase Behavior in Living Cells Using Photo-Oligomerizable Seeds. Cell, 2018
  119. Liquid Nuclear Condensates Mechanically Sense and Restructure the Genome. Cell, 2018
  120. Light-Guided Motility of a Minimal Synthetic Cell. Nano Lett, 2018
  121. Increasing spatial resolution of photoregulated GTPases through immobilized peripheral membrane proteins. Small GTPases, 2018
  122. Reversible Social Self-Sorting of Colloidal Cell-Mimics with Blue Light Switchable Proteins. ACS Synth Biol, 2018
  123. Membrane Flow Drives an Adhesion-Independent Amoeboid Cell Migration Mode. Dev Cell, 2018
  124. Dynein-Dynactin-NuMA clusters generate cortical spindle-pulling forces as a multi-arm ensemble. Elife, 2018
  125. Optogenetic reversible knocksideways, laser ablation, and photoactivation on the mitotic spindle in human cells. Methods Cell Biol, 2018
  126. Optogenetic Control of Cell Migration. Methods Mol Biol, 2018
  127. Light-activated protein interaction with high spatial subcellular confinement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018
  128. Dynamic blue light-switchable protein patterns on giant unilamellar vesicles. Chem Commun (Camb), 2018
  129. Control of microtubule dynamics using an optogenetic microtubule plus end-F-actin cross-linker. J Cell Biol, 2017
  130. Optogenetic Control of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Tethering. ACS Synth Biol, 2017
  131. Time-gated detection of protein-protein interactions with transcriptional readout. Elife, 2017
  132. Intracellular production of hydrogels and synthetic RNA granules by multivalent molecular interactions. Nat Mater, 2017
  133. Vesicle Docking Is a Key Target of Local PI(4,5)P2 Metabolism in the Secretory Pathway of INS-1 Cells. Cell Rep, 2017
  134. Photocontrolled reversible self-assembly of dodecamer nitrilase. Bioresour Bioprocess, 2017
  135. Cells lay their own tracks: optogenetic Cdc42 activation stimulates fibronectin deposition supporting directed migration. J Cell Sci, 2017
  136. Temporally precise labeling and control of neuromodulatory circuits in the mammalian brain. Nat Methods, 2017
  137. Evolution of a split RNA polymerase as a versatile biosensor platform. Nat Chem Biol, 2017
  138. The Spatiotemporal Limits of Developmental Erk Signaling. Dev Cell, 2017
  139. Tuning the Binding Affinities and Reversion Kinetics of a Light Inducible Dimer Allows Control of Transmembrane Protein Localization. Biochemistry, 2016
  140. Light-induced nuclear export reveals rapid dynamics of epigenetic modifications. Nat Chem Biol, 2016
  141. Subcellular optogenetic activation of Cdc42 controls local and distal signaling to drive immune cell migration. Mol Biol Cell, 2016
  142. Correlating in Vitro and in Vivo Activities of Light-Inducible Dimers: A Cellular Optogenetics Guide. ACS Synth Biol, 2015
  143. Engineering an improved light-induced dimer (iLID) for controlling the localization and activity of signaling proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014
  144. Optogenetic actuator - ERK biosensor circuits identify MAPK network nodes that shape ERK dynamics. Mol Syst Biol, 2022
  145. Using Optogenetics to Spatially Control Cortical Dynein Activity in Mitotic Human Cells. Methods Mol Biol, 2023
  146. Application of Optogenetics to Probe the Signaling Dynamics of Cell Fate Decision-Making. Methods Mol Biol, 2023
  147. Nano-optogenetic CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol, 2024
  148. Controlling the Subcellular Localization of Signaling Proteins Using Chemically Induced Dimerization and Optogenetics. Methods Mol Biol, 2024