bPAC (BlaC)

Photoreceptor bPAC (BlaC)
Binding partner /
Cofactor FAD or FMN
Source organism Beggiatoa sp.
Mode of action cAMP production
Excitation wavelength 450 nm
Reversion wavelength dark
Excitation time seconds
Reversion time tens of seconds
Crystal structure of the bPAC homodimer, ground state. (PDB ID: 5MBE)

bPAC (BlaC)-derived switches:

Related original publications

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  1. Protocol for optogenetic control of cAMP in human telencephalic organoids using an easy-to-build Arduino-driven LED system. STAR Protoc, 2026
  2. Red-Shifted Epac-Based FRET cAMP Sensors for All-Optical cAMP Control and Multiparameter Imaging. Cells, 2026
  3. Light- and chemical-induced ciliary signaling governs dorsal/ventral regionalization of human telencephalic organoids. Nat Commun, 2026
  4. Global impact on metabolic capacity of yeast cell factories by optogenetic control of the cAMP-PKA axis. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2026
  5. Stimulation of corticospinal neurons by optogenetic cAMP inductions promotes motor recovery after spinal cord injury in female rats via raphespinal tract modulation. Nat Commun, 2025
  6. Simultaneous spectral illumination of microplates for high-throughput optogenetics and photobiology. Biol Chem, 2024
  7. Neuropeptidergic regulation of neuromuscular signaling in larval zebrafish alters swimming behavior and synaptic transmission. iScience, 2024
  8. An Integrated Optogenetic and Bioelectronic Platform for Regulating Cardiomyocyte Function. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2024
  9. The caloric value of food intake structurally adjusts a neuronal mushroom body circuit mediating olfactory learning in Drosophila. Learn Mem, 2024
  10. Sonic Hedgehog activates prostaglandin signaling to stabilize primary cilium length. J Cell Biol, 2024
  11. Optogenetic induction of chronic glucocorticoid exposure in early-life leads to blunted stress-response in larval zebrafish. Eur J Neurosci, 2024
  12. Live-cell fluorescence imaging and optogenetic control of PKA kinase activity in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast, 2024
  13. Light-Mediated Enhancement of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Release of Optogenetically Engineered Human Pancreatic Beta-Cells. ACS Synth Biol, 2024
  14. Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid. J Vis Exp, 2024
  15. Optogenetic demonstration of the involvement of SMA-negative mural cells in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Front Physiol, 2023
  16. Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal and cardiomyocyte functions in zebrafish using microbial rhodopsins and adenylyl cyclases. Elife, 2023
  17. Soluble cyclase-mediated nuclear cAMP synthesis is sufficient for cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2023
  18. Optogenetic Stimulation Array for Confocal Microscopy Fast Transient Monitoring. TBioCAS, 2022
  19. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclases attenuate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol, 2022
  20. A cAMP signalosome in primary cilia drives gene expression and kidney cyst formation. EMBO Rep, 2022
  21. Hypothalamic dopamine neurons motivate mating through persistent cAMP signalling. Nature, 2021
  22. Endosomal cAMP production broadly impacts the cellular phosphoproteome. J Biol Chem, 2021
  23. mem-iLID, a fast and economic protein purification method. Biosci Rep, 2021
  24. Vertebrate cells differentially interpret ciliary and extraciliary cAMP. Cell, 2021
  25. Optogenetic tools for manipulation of cyclic nucleotides, functionally coupled to CNG-channels. Br J Pharmacol, 2021
  26. Optogenetic modulation of real-time nanoscale dynamics of HCN channels using photoactivated adenylyl cyclases. RSC Chem Biol, 2021
  27. Light-Induced Change of Arginine Conformation Modulates the Rate of Adenosine Triphosphate to Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Conversion in the Optogenetic System Containing Photoactivated Adenylyl Cyclase. J Chem Inf Model, 2021
  28. Optogenetic Modification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enables Controllable Twitching Motility and Host Infection. ACS Synth Biol, 2021
  29. SynaptoPAC, an optogenetic tool for induction of presynaptic plasticity. J Neurochem, 2020
  30. Dual Activation of cAMP Production Through Photostimulation or Chemical Stimulation. Methods Mol Biol, 2020
  31. Nanobody-directed targeting of optogenetic tools to study signaling in the primary cilium. Elife, 2020
  32. Optogenetic Manipulation of Postsynaptic cAMP Using a Novel Transgenic Mouse Line Enables Synaptic Plasticity and Enhances Depolarization Following Tetanic Stimulation in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Front Neural Circuits, 2020
  33. Booster, a Red-Shifted Genetically Encoded Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Biosensor Compatible with Cyan Fluorescent Protein/Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Based FRET Biosensors and Blue Light-Responsive Optogenetic Tools. ACS Sens, 2020
  34. An optogenetic tool for induced protein stabilization based on the Phaeodactylum tricornutum aureochrome 1a LOV domain. J Mol Biol, 2020
  35. Primary Cilia Signaling Promotes Axonal Tract Development and Is Disrupted in Joubert Syndrome-Related Disorders Models. Dev Cell, 2019
  36. Amelioration of Diabetes in a Murine Model upon Transplantation of Pancreatic β-Cells with Optogenetic Control of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate. ACS Synth Biol, 2019
  37. Compartmentalized cAMP Generation by Engineered Photoactivated Adenylyl Cyclases. Cell Chem Biol, 2019
  38. Using a Robust and Sensitive GFP-Based cGMP Sensor for Real Time Imaging in Intact Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 2019
  39. Cyclic Nucleotide-Specific Optogenetics Highlights Compartmentalization of the Sperm Flagellum into cAMP Microdomains. Cells, 2019
  40. Characterization and engineering of photoactivated adenylyl cyclases. Biol Chem, 2019
  41. Luminescence-activated nucleotide cyclase regulates spatial and temporal cAMP synthesis. J Biol Chem, 2018
  42. Potassium channel-based optogenetic silencing. Nat Commun, 2018
  43. Synthetic Light-Activated Ion Channels for Optogenetic Activation and Inhibition. Front Neurosci, 2018
  44. Modulation of cyclic nucleotide-mediated cellular signaling and gene expression using photoactivated adenylyl cyclase as an optogenetic tool. Sci Rep, 2017
  45. Optogenetic regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Sci Rep, 2017
  46. Red fluorescent protein-based cAMP indicator applicable to optogenetics and in vivo imaging. Sci Rep, 2017
  47. Fast cAMP Modulation of Neurotransmission via Neuropeptide Signals and Vesicle Loading. Curr Biol, 2017
  48. Model-guided optogenetic study of PKA signaling in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell, 2016
  49. Structural insight into photoactivation of an adenylate cyclase from a photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016
  50. The rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclase of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii enables fast optical control of cGMP signaling. Sci Signal, 2015
  51. Manipulation of Interrenal Cell Function in Developing Zebrafish Using Genetically Targeted Ablation and an Optogenetic Tool. Endocrinology, 2015
  52. Controlling fertilization and cAMP signaling in sperm by optogenetics. Elife, 2015
  53. Serotonin and the neuropeptide PDF initiate and extend opposing behavioral states in C. elegans. Cell, 2013
  54. Optogenetic elevation of endogenous glucocorticoid level in larval zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits, 2013
  55. Natural and engineered photoactivated nucleotidyl cyclases for optogenetic applications. J Biol Chem, 2010
  56. Light modulation of cellular cAMP by a small bacterial photoactivated adenylyl cyclase, bPAC, of the soil bacterium Beggiatoa. J Biol Chem, 2010